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虛擬語(yǔ)氣學(xué)習(xí)中的幾道關(guān)卡
虛擬語(yǔ)氣學(xué)習(xí)中的幾道關(guān)卡文/楊麗華
摘 要：歸納總結(jié)了學(xué)習(xí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的三道關(guān)卡，并附有實(shí)踐練習(xí)題。
關(guān)鍵詞：虛擬語(yǔ)氣；語(yǔ)境；難點(diǎn)；特殊句式
虛擬語(yǔ)氣一直是一個(gè)令高中學(xué)生頭疼的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，其實(shí)，只要邁過(guò)其中三道關(guān)卡，它就不會(huì)那么玄乎了。
一、適用語(yǔ)境關(guān)
作為有別于陳述語(yǔ)氣的一種特別表達(dá)方式，虛擬語(yǔ)氣有著自
己特有的適應(yīng)語(yǔ)境。
1.與事實(shí)相反
eg.If I were you， I would accept the invitation without hesitation.
2.實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小/幾乎沒(méi)有
eg. I wish I were a bird so that I could fly freely in the sky.
3.禮貌、委婉語(yǔ)氣
eg. I would appreciate it a lot if you could reply to my application soon.
二、難點(diǎn)辨析關(guān)
1.主從句時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜式虛擬
eg. If you had gone to see the doctor yesterday，you would feel better now.
例句中，從句指過(guò)去，主句指的卻是現(xiàn)在。
處理此類題型時(shí)的要領(lǐng)是：明確主從句身份、定位主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、按照虛擬的表達(dá)方式對(duì)號(hào)入座。又如：
Maybe if I had studied science， and no literature then， I would be able to give you more help.
由if 從句中的then可知，從句表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，主句則用would be able to…表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)。
2.條件隱蔽式虛擬
有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表示，而是由otherwise，but
for，without，or等來(lái)引導(dǎo)。
eg. But for their help ， we could not have finished the program in time.
I was so busy then. Otherwise ， I would have gone to help him.
3.could /would /should might 的選擇
這幾個(gè)詞的基本意義有著明顯不同：
would （not） （就）會(huì)（不會(huì)）
If he had followed my advice， he wouldn’t have lost his job.
could （not） 能（不能）
Given more time， the director could have made a better film.
should （not） /Ought （not） to 該（不該）
The flowers are dead. I should have given them more water.
might（not）可能（可能不）
If you hadn’t reminded me， I might have forgotten.
當(dāng)然，在處理具體題目時(shí)，除了要準(zhǔn)確理解和掌握這幾個(gè)詞的基本用法外，還應(yīng)充分利用試題所設(shè)置的語(yǔ)境具體分析來(lái)進(jìn)行選擇。
三、特殊句式記憶關(guān)
英語(yǔ)中一般用虛擬需牢記的常見(jiàn)句式：
1.If only she had known the answer then.
2.They talked as if they had been friends for years though they didn’t know each other.
3.I’d rather I hadn’t told you that.
4.It is time that we went to school.
5.Had you followed the doctor’s advice， you would be well now.
6.He insisted that he hadn’t done anything wrong， and that he （should） be set free.
7.I feel so sick. I wish Mum hadn’t forced me to eat so much.
上述七種句式均屬虛擬語(yǔ)氣考查重點(diǎn)，至于其中的一些共性
的具體變化形式，這里就不贅述了。
實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：
1.But for his help， I .（fail）
要不是他幫我，我可能就失敗了。
2.If you had worked hard， you tired now.（be）
如果你真的努力工作了，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)很累。
3.Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention
at the meeting. （discuss）
約翰遜堅(jiān)持要求在會(huì)上討論那個(gè)值得關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。
4.I through the bitter period without your generous help.（go）
沒(méi)有您慷慨相助，我就不能渡過(guò)那段艱難時(shí)期。
5.Had I not drunk alcohol last night， I my car home.
如果我昨天晚上沒(méi)有喝酒，我本能自己開(kāi)車回家的。（drive）
⒍If Xiaohua had been brought up in Britain as my sister was he
as fluently as she does. （speak）
如果小華像我姐姐那樣在英國(guó)長(zhǎng)大，他就能和我姐姐一樣說(shuō)流利的英語(yǔ)。
7.“My son， why are you so rude？ I would rather I you then.” cried the old lady. （give）
“兒子，你為什么如此粗魯？我寧愿那個(gè)時(shí)候沒(méi)有生你。”那位老太太哭著說(shuō)道。
8.He talks a lot about Japan as though before.（be）
他談了很多有關(guān)日本的事，好像他以前去過(guò)那兒。
9.If only I your advice! Look， what a mess I have made now！ （follow）
要是我聽(tīng)從了你的建議就好了！看，我現(xiàn)在弄得一團(tuán)糟！
10.We’ve been here 24 hours and I think it’s time we （go）
我們已經(jīng)在這里24個(gè)小時(shí)了，我想我們回家的時(shí)間到了。
keys：
1.might/could have failed
2.would be
3.should be discussed
4.couldn’t have gone
5.could have driven
6.could speak English
7.hadn’t given birth to
8.he had been there
9.had followed
10.should go/went back home
（作者單位 湖南省武漢市新洲一中陽(yáng)邏校區(qū)）
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